Native and non-native records of the invasive freshwater apple snail Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810

Occurrence
Latest version published by Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR) on Sept 15, 2026 Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR)
Publication date:
15 September 2026
License:
CC-BY 4.0

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Description

This dataset comprises 1650 records of the freshwater snail Pomacea maculata (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae), gathered from bibliographic sources, museum collections, human observations and field surveys conducted by the research team. Of these occurrences, 332 correspond to the native range, while 1318 belong to invaded areas.This species is native to South America; however, it has been introduced to other parts of the world through the aquarium trade and, particularly in Asia, as a food resource for human consumption. As an invasive species, Pomacea maculata may alter food-web structure and ecosystem functioning by competing with native species, consuming aquatic plants, and providing a novel prey source for native predators. Such invasions may also lead to shifts in feeding behavior among other organisms and provide new hosts for parasites, including the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis. By consuming macrophytes, invasive Pomacea species can modify entire aquatic ecosystems by driving shifts between alternative stable states.

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 1,650 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.

How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Asgrizze V, Seuffert M E, Soria A L, Burela S, Martín P R (2026). Native and non-native records of the invasive freshwater apple snail Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810. Version 1.2. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR). Occurrence dataset. https://ipt.mincyt.gob.ar/resource?r=pmaculatainbiosur&v=1.2

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: d94f4dcb-ef30-4dea-bace-eb32fbe41f04.  Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR) publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF Argentina.

Keywords

occurrence; Asia; Europe; Freshwater snail; Non-native species; North America; South America

Contacts

Valentina Asgrizze
  • Metadata Provider ●
  • Originator ●
  • Point Of Contact
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur - INBIOSUR
B8000 Bahía Blanca
Buenos Aires
AR
María Emilia Seuffert
  • Metadata Provider ●
  • Originator ●
  • Point Of Contact
  • Researcher
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur. INBIOSUR UNS-CONICET
  • San Juan 671
8000 Bahía Blanca
Buenos Aires
AR
  • 2914167217
Abril Lujan Soria
  • Originator
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur - INBIOSUR
Bahía Blanca
Buenos Aires
AR
Silvana Burela
  • Originator
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur - INBIOSUR
Bahía Blanca
Buenos Aires
AR
Pablo Rafael Martín
  • Metadata Provider ●
  • Originator
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur - INBIOSUR
Bahía Blanca
Buenos Airees
AR

Geographic Coverage

This resource includes records of Pomacea maculata from both its native range in South America and its introduced range in North America, Asia and Europe. In South America, data are concentrated in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. In North America, most records are concentrated in the Florida Peninsula (USA), although additional occurrences have been reported from Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. In Asia, records have been documented in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea,Thailand, Taiwan, and Vietnam. In Europe, all known occurrences are restricted to the Ebro Delta, Spain.

Bounding Coordinates South West [-35.439, -111.939], North East [40.703, 137.85]

Taxonomic Coverage

The resource documents occurrences of the species Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810), a freshwater gastropod of the family Ampullariidae, native to South America and invasive in North America, Asia and Europe.

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Mollusca
Class Mesogastropoda
Order Gastropoda
Family Ampullariidae

Temporal Coverage

Start Date / End Date 1943-01-01 / 2026-05-05

Project Data

Freshwater gastropods are among the most threatened aquatic taxa globally, yet some species have become highly invasive pests, causing severe economic and ecological impacts. This doctoral thesis project aims to understand the mechanisms and environmental factors determining the geographic distribution of freshwater gastropods in Argentina using ecological niche modeling (ENM). The project evaluates the conservation status, bioclimatic niche, and future trends of native and vulnerable species, such as Pomacea scalaris, comparing its ecological niche with the invasive apple snails Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea maculata. Additionally, it projects models the potential distribution of non-native invasive gastropods (such as Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Sinotaia quadrata) to identify key river basins at risk in Argentina.

Title Ecological Niche Modeling for the Analysis of Past, Present, and Future Distribution of Vulnerable and Invasive Freshwater Gastropods in Argentina
Funding Project PGI-UNS 24/ZB14: "Aplicación de modelos de nicho ecológico y distribución de especies para el estudio de gasterópodos dulciacuícolas nativos, invasores y vulnerables" (PI/Director: Dr. María Emilia Seuffert), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS). Project PGI-UNS 24/ZB44: "Las dos caras del género Pomacea: nicho ecológico, vulnerabilidad y potencial invasivo" (PI/Director: Dr. María Emilia Seuffert), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS).
Study Area Description The study area spans freshwater ecosystems across Argentina, with sampling campaigns and historical museum collection assessments focusing primarily on the provinces of Buenos Aires, Entre Ríos, Corrientes, Santa Fe, Misiones, Chaco, and Formosa. The analyses encompass native distributions, historical fossil records, and potential expansion areas across major South American river basins (e.g., La Plata Basin and southern Pampas streams).
Design Description The research design combines field sampling, museum collection curation, and spatial bioclimatic modeling: 1.Field Sampling & Curation: Occurrence records are retrieved from malacological collections (MACN, FCNyM-UNLP, FML, MNHN Uruguay, MNHN Paraguay) and field surveys across 40 sampling sites. Snails, empty shells, opercula, and egg masses are georeferenced and photographed under standardized protocols. 2. Conservation & Spatial Assessment: Geospatial analyses using GeoCAT are applied to calculate the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO) following IUCN criteria. 3. Ecological Niche Modeling (ENM): Models are developed using MaxEnt (via the 'kuenm' R package) and WorldClim bioclimatic variables (1970–2000). Projections are performed for future climate scenarios (2041–2100 under various GCMs and SSPs) and past paleoclimate conditions (since the Last Glacial Maximum). 4.Comparative Niche Analysis: Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and niche equivalence/similarity tests are conducted using the 'ecospat' R package to compare bioclimatic tolerances between native vulnerable and invasive species.

The personnel involved in the project:

Valentina Asgrizze
María Emilia Seuffert
Pablo Rafael Martín

Sampling Methods

The records included in this dataset were obtained using multiple strategies. First, specimens deposited in collections from the La Plata Museum of Natural Sciences, the Argentine Museum of Natural Sciences and Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo, were consulted. In addition, georeferenced occurrence records were downloaded from iNaturalist, selecting observations classified as research grade. For bibliographic data, the scientific literature was searched using the terms “Pomacea maculata”, “Ampullaria insularum”, “Ampullaria amazonica”, "Pomacea insularum", “Pomacea amazonica” and “Pomacea gigas” to identify publications that reported occurrences of the species. Finally, data collected by the resource team during previous field surveys were included. Records lacking geographic coordinates were georeferenced whenever the site description was sufficiently precise. All coordinates were visually inspected in QGIS.

Study Extent The study area encompasses aquatic regions of South and North America, Asia and Europe, where Pomacea maculata has been reported. The environments considered include both natural and artificial freshwater bodies such as rivers, lagoons, streams, and canals.
Quality Control Records without verifiable geographic coordinates were discarded. Additionally, publications by the same authors, in which specimens were collected from the same locality, were excluded to avoid duplicate occurrence records. iNaturalist records were manually reviewed and filtered according to their validation status. Furthermore, iNaturalist records with photos in which the species could not be clearly identified were excluded. Additionally, records from Peru were excluded because Ramirez et al. 2020 demonstrated that these records correspond to Pomacea nobilis, another species within the genus.

Method step description:

  1. 1. Data acquisition from museums and biological collections. 2. Compilation of historical records obtained during previous field surveys conducted by the research team. 3. Download and review of iNaturalist observations. 4. Literature review and extraction of occurrence records. 5. Georeferencing and visual verification in QGIS. 6. Standardization according to the Darwin Core standard. 7. Taxonomic and geographic validation. 8. Final integration and curation of the dataset.

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